What is Task-oriented Training & How to Do - 卒中 中心 - 司羿 智能的
Task-oriented training (TOT) is a popular new technology for 上 肢体 functional 康复 after 卒中 based on 运动 control and 运动 learning. Task-oriented training is a functional task based on the interaction between the individual, the task and the environment. 患者 can actively try to solve problems encountered in functional tasks while adapting to changes in the environment, and help 患者 learn methods to solve target tasks.
Theoretical basis of task-oriented training
TOT is the most representative 临床的 retraining method based on 运动 control theory. It focuses on training functional tasks and adaptability to environmental changes. The functions obtained through training must be able to be transformed into the real environment. It is a training method that designs specific tasks or activities based on individual abilities and training goals and guides 患者 to complete these tasks or activities through active attempts to improve 运动 skills.
Repeated task-oriented training can affect the adaptability of the central nervous system and promote the reorganization of brain functions. Factors that promote functional reconstruction include repeated reinforcement, interest, challenge, social communication, and specific rather than abstract training projects or goals. The goals and tasks set by task-oriented training are concrete rather than abstract. For example, taking the 上 肢体 to pick up an object is a specific task. Completing this action involves visual and tactile input, and the brain judges and integrates information. And the effective control of the system by the nerves, and then through the feedback of failure or success, the movement pattern is continuously adjusted to 形成 an optimized neural network and movement program, which controls the specific sequence, speed, strength and other mechanical characteristics of the relevant muscles to complete this specific task. Promote the development of adaptability, feedforward and coordination abilities. However, if the 上 肢体 only do flexion and extension or simple extension without specific goals, the information input and integration mentioned above will be lost, and the movement mechanics characteristics will be completely different, turning it into an empty 关节 活动. Task-oriented training also emphasizes active participation in controlled application and individualized 治疗, mainly focusing on functional training in daily life and repeated reinforcement.
临床的 Application of Task-Oriented Training
TOT focuses on helping 患者 acquire the ability to solve problems, and its 相关的 theories and methods are increasingly widely used in the 康复 治疗 of 患者 with various 运动 functions, especially 运动 功能障碍 caused by central nervous system damage. In the past ten years, many scholars have focused on TOT and continued to explore and optimize applicable groups and 临床的 康复 programs. Studies have found that TOT combined with mirror 治疗 can improve 手 运动 功能 in 患者 with unilateral neglect after 卒中. Based on conventional training, task-oriented training is supplemented, and mirror 治疗 is used to activate before each task-oriented training.
Mirror neuron system, task-oriented training applies the learned mirror movements to real-life activities, such as practising pronation and supination of the forearm, flexion and extension of the wrist 关节, and grasping and relaxing of the 手 in a mirror environment. Practice grabbing a cylindrical bottle or moving a cup to the perioral area in a real environment. In addition, for 患者 with 上 肢体 and 手 功能障碍 after 卒中, transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-oriented training can be used to help 患者 complete 常见的 daily activities such as reaching for objects, grabbing and placing water cups, and completing drinking water.
The results show that a combined program of task-oriented training can reduce 肌张力 and promote 运动 功能 恢复 in 卒中 患者. It was found through resting-state magnetic resonance studies that the above combined program including task-oriented training had a significant impact on resting-state spontaneous brain 活动. The underlying neural mechanism for promoting the 恢复 of 运动 功能 in 卒中 患者 may be 相关的 to the ALFF in the anterior cerebellar lobe. Enhance relevance. The TOT program combined with 运动 imagery refers to task-oriented training that is performed immediately after the 患者 completes the 运动 imagination. The 运动 movements in the imagined environment are applied to actual activities, such as eating movement exercises of the 上 肢体. Research results prove that this program can reduce the risk of 卒中. The functional connection between the MI area and the SMA area on both sides of the 患者 was enhanced, which promoted the normalization of cerebral cortical remodelling in 卒中 患者. The DTI analysis results showed that the FA value of the affected hemisphere in 卒中 患者 increased, which also suggested that this program promoted the myelination of myelinated fibres. The reshaping of elements. In terms of 下 肢体 功能, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with task-oriented training can significantly improve the 下 肢体 运动 功能 and walking ability of 患者 with 偏瘫 after subacute 卒中 and enhance their ankle 关节 control.
In summary, task-oriented training can improve the functional impairment of 卒中 患者, strengthen their daily activities, and improve their quality of life. It is worthy of further research and promotion.
You can also conduct task-oriented training with 司羿 手 康复 机器人. How to do? Check out our 康复 class to learn more