The Application of Low- and Medium-Frequency Electrical Stimulation in 上 肢体 康复 - 卒中 中心 - 司羿 智能的

Challenges Faced by 患者 with 上 肢体 功能障碍

 

The 手 is an essential organ for daily activities and serves as a key tool for humans to explore the external world and interact with the environment. Compared to other body parts, the 手 and 上 肢体 possess greater complexity and importance in 运动 functions. Therefore, 上 肢体 运动 功能 康复 is a core focus in post-卒中康复, yet it also represents a major challenge. 患者 with 上 肢体 功能障碍 caused by conditions such as 卒中, spinal cord injury, or 手 trauma often experience a slow 恢复 process due to the complexity of 手 and 上 肢体 movements. This prolonged 康复 journey poses a significant psychological challenge, potentially affecting 患者' sense of self-fulfilment, and may 导致 to anxiety, 抑郁症, and other emotional issues. These 消极的 emotions can, in turn, further diminish 康复 motivation and impact the overall quality of life.

What is Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)?

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a 康复 technique that uses low-frequency pulsed electrical currents to stimulate one or more groups of muscles through preset programs, inducing muscle contractions or simulating normal voluntary movements. The goal of FES is to improve or 恢复 the functions of muscles and muscle groups affected by 神经学的 damage, thereby compensating for or correcting the 丧失 of 运动 功能 in 肢体 and organs. In recent years, the application of FES has expanded significantly, especially for 患者 with 肢体 功能障碍 caused by 卒中 or spinal cord injury. Through repeated electrical stimulation, FES can not only activate 运动 neurons but also promote neuroplasticity in the central nervous system, helping 患者 gradually regain voluntary 运动 abilities.

3. 常见的 Electrode Placements for FES in 肢体 Training

(1) Shoulder Subluxation

患者 with central nervous system injuries or high-level spinal cord injuries often experience shoulder subluxation. Strengthening the supraspinatus and the posterior part of the deltoid muscle can help prevent and improve shoulder subluxation.

 

Stimulation electrode: Placed on the posterior one-third of the deltoid muscle;

Auxiliary electrode: Placed on the supraspinatus muscle.

(2) Triceps Muscle Weakness

For 患者 with central nervous system disorders, using NMES to strengthen the triceps brachii can enhance elbow extension control and relieve 痉挛 of the biceps brachii.

Stimulation electrode: Placed below the posterior part of the deltoid muscle;

Auxiliary electrode: Placed above the olecranon (be careful to avoid stimulating the brachioradialis to prevent unwanted elbow flexion).

(3) Wrist and Finger Extensor Muscle Weakness

Due to the small size of forearm muscles, smaller electrode pads are generally recommended for stimulating the wrist and finger extensor muscles.

 

For wrist extensors:

Stimulation electrode: Placed below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus;

Auxiliary electrode: Placed proximally near the wrist 关节.

 

For finger extensors:

Stimulation electrode: Placed more distally in the 中心 of the forearm;

Auxiliary electrode: Placed proximally near the wrist 关节.